Working papers
ILO Working Paper 131
A study on the employment and wage outcomes of persons living with a same-sex partner
This study examines the labour market disparities faced by same-sex couples across nine countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, France, Mexico, Thailand, the United States of America and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela), extending the...
ILO Working Paper 130
Sustainable industrial policies and strategies in the textiles and clothing sector: Lessons learned from Cambodia, Jordan and Viet Nam
ILO Working Paper 129
Industrial relations in micro and small enterprises: patterns, trends and prospects
ILO Working paper 128
Combating inequalities: what role for universal social protection?
The primary aim of this study is to provide evidence regarding the impact of social protection benefits, taxes and social security contributions in reducing income inequalities. The study employs a well-established methodology to estimate the...
Working Paper 127
Trade Unions, Labour Governance and Economic Upgradation in Value Chains
The paper examines possible mechanisms for trade union engagement in global value chains, especially in the context of emerging human rights due diligence frameworks. By examining existing literature on value chain analysis, trade policy, and...
ILO Working Paper 126
Resolution of labour disputes involving new forms of employment in China
Based on the study of arbitration and judicial cases involving new forms of employment, this working paper identifies and examines notable characteristics of disputes involving new forms of employment. This working paper found that the number of...
Working Paper 125
Adopting green measures in exporting firms: What are the effects on labour market outcomes?
ILO Working Paper 124
A study on the employment and wage outcomes of people with disabilities
This study investigates the employment and wage disparities between people with and without disabilities.
ILO Working Paper 123
Balancing Act: The Role of Digital Platforms in Shaping the Conditions of Creative Work
This working paper explores the impact of digital platforms on creative workers, focusing on the dichotomy between platform control and worker autonomy. It examines both conventional artistic occupations like musicians and photographers as well as...
ILO Working paper 120
Working conditions of subnational government workers in selected South and South-east Asian countries: Bangladesh, Nepal, Indonesia,...
ILO Working Paper 121 - Joint publication ILO-World Bank
Buffer or Bottleneck? Employment Exposure to Generative AI and the Digital Divide in Latin America
In this new paper from the International Labour Organization and the World Bank Group, researchers found that Generative AI could have transformative effects on jobs and livelihoods in Latin America and the Caribbean. Nonetheless, gaps in digital...
Working Paper 119
Trade union engagements on the SDGs and union revitalization in five Asian countries
This working paper examines how trade unions in five Asian countries integrate Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into national agendas. Through interviews and reviews, it highlights strategies and outcomes of union engagements, showing their...
Working Paper 118
Using foresight to think and act upon an uncertain future world of work
This working paper explores how trade unions worldwide are adapting to transformations in the world of work through strategic foresight. Documenting experiences from 2019-2023, it offers examples and lessons from foresight workshops conducted...
ILO Working paper 117
Women and aviation: Quality jobs, attraction and retention
This paper includes information on some of the current issues faced by women in civil aviation. Through a sectoral gender lens, it examines employment, women’s career cycles and the main decent work opportunities and challenges in the sector. It...
ILO Working Paper 116
Addressing gender-based violence and harassment in a work health and safety framework
This report looks at the implications of addressing gender-based violence and harassment (GBVH) under a work health and safety (WHS) framework.
Research Paper No.20
The effects of automation in the apparel and footwear industries and their gender dimensions: Indonesia case study
ILO Working Paper 115
Imbalances between supply and demand Recent causes of labour shortages in advanced economies
ILO Working paper 114
Institutional and labour relations regimes promoting decent working conditions for Local and Regional Government (LRG) Workers in Croatia,...
This publication presents a comparative analysis of the Local and Regional Government (LRG) sector workforce in five European countries: Croatia, Germany, Greece, Spain, and Sweden.
ILO Working paper 113
Financing gap for universal social protection: Global, regional and national estimates and strategies for creating fiscal space
ILO Working paper 112
New technologies, e-government and informality
This working paper studies the complex relationship between technology adoption and informality, leveraging recent cross-country data to analyse the effects of mobile phone subscriptions, internet access, automation and e-government on informal...
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